-
valetudinarianism
5
n 1: the state of being weak in health or body (especially from
old age) [syn: infirmity, frailty, debility,
feebleness, frailness, valetudinarianism]
-
abolitionism
0
n 1: the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
-
abstractionism
0
n 1: an abstract genre of art; artistic content depends on
internal form rather than pictorial representation [syn:
abstractionism, abstract art]
2: a representation having no reference to concrete objects or
specific examples [syn: abstractionism, unrealism]
-
albinism
0
n 1: the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin
and hair
-
alpinism
0
n 1: mountain climbing (not restricted to the Alps)
-
anachronism
0
n 1: something located at a time when it could not have existed
or occurred [syn: anachronism, mistiming, misdating]
2: an artifact that belongs to another time
3: a person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to
another age
-
antagonism
0
n 1: a state of deep-seated ill-will [syn: hostility,
enmity, antagonism]
2: the relation between opposing principles or forces or
factors; "the inherent antagonism of capitalism and
socialism"
3: an actively expressed feeling of dislike and hostility
4: (biochemistry) interference in or inhibition of the
physiological action of a chemical substance by another
having a similar structure
-
authoritarianism
0
n 1: a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or
opposition etc.) [syn: dictatorship, absolutism,
authoritarianism, Caesarism, despotism, monocracy,
one-man rule, shogunate, Stalinism,
totalitarianism, tyranny]
-
charlatanism
0
n 1: the dishonesty of a charlatan [syn: charlatanism,
quackery]
-
chauvinism
0
n 1: fanatical patriotism [syn: chauvinism, jingoism,
superpatriotism, ultranationalism]
2: activity indicative of belief in the superiority of men over
women [syn: male chauvinism, chauvinism, antifeminism]
-
communism
0
n 1: a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
2: a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless
society
-
creationism
0
n 1: the literal belief in the account of Creation given in the
Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of
evolution of species"
-
demonism
0
n 1: a belief in and reverence for devils (especially Satan)
[syn: diabolism, demonism, Satanism]
-
deviationism
0
n 1: ideological defection from the party line (especially from
orthodox communism)
-
ecumenism
0
n 1: a movement promoting union between religions (especially
between Christian churches) [syn: ecumenism,
oecumenism]
2: (Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that
promotes cooperation and better understanding among different
religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity
[syn: ecumenism, ecumenicism, ecumenicalism]
-
egalitarianism
0
n 1: the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the
desirability of political and economic and social equality
[syn: egalitarianism, equalitarianism]
-
equalitarianism
0
n 1: the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the
desirability of political and economic and social equality
[syn: egalitarianism, equalitarianism]
-
establishmentarianism
0
n 1: the doctrine of supporting the social or political
establishment [syn: establishmentarianism,
establishmentism]
-
evolutionism
0
n 1: (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of
plants and animals [syn: theory of evolution, theory of
organic evolution, evolutionism]
-
exhibitionism
0
n 1: extravagant and conspicuous behavior intended to attract
attention to yourself
2: the perverse act of exposing and attracting attention to your
own genitals [syn: exhibitionism, immodesty]
-
expansionism
0
n 1: the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic
influence of a country
-
expressionism
0
n 1: an art movement early in the 20th century; the artist's
subjective expression of inner experiences was emphasized;
an inner feeling was expressed through a distorted
rendition of reality
-
galvanism
0
n 1: electricity produced by chemical action
2: the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in
the treatment of various forms of paralysis) [syn:
electrotherapy, galvanism, electric healing,
electrical healing]
-
heathenism
0
n 1: any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism
or Islamism [syn: paganism, pagan religion,
heathenism]
-
hedonism
0
n 1: the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
2: an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as
the highest good
-
hooliganism
0
n 1: willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of
others [syn: vandalism, hooliganism, malicious
mischief]
-
humanism
0
n 1: the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
[syn: humanitarianism, humanism]
2: the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-
realization through reason; rejects religion and the
supernatural [syn: humanism, secular humanism]
3: the cultural movement of the Renaissance; based on classical
studies
-
humanitarianism
0
n 1: the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
[syn: humanitarianism, humanism]
-
impressionism
0
n 1: a school of late 19th century French painters who pictured
appearances by strokes of unmixed colors to give the
impression of reflected light
-
intuitionism
0
n 1: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired
primarily by intuition
-
isolationism
0
n 1: a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and
political relations
-
laconism
0
n 1: terseness of expression [syn: laconism, laconicism]
-
lesbianism
0
n 1: female homosexuality [syn: lesbianism, sapphism]
-
libertarianism
0
n 1: an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech
-
mechanism
0
n 1: the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction;
"he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical
reactions" [syn: mechanism, chemical mechanism]
2: the technical aspects of doing something; "a mechanism of
social control"; "mechanisms of communication"; "the
mechanics of prose style" [syn: mechanism, mechanics]
3: a natural object resembling a machine in structure or
function; "the mechanism of the ear"; "the mechanism of
infection"
4: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can
be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
5: device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts
that perform some function
-
millenarianism
0
n 1: belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium
mentioned in the Book of Revelations [syn:
millenarianism, millenarism, millenniumism,
chiliasm]
-
modernism
0
n 1: genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious
break with previous genres
2: the quality of being current or of the present; "a shopping
mall would instill a spirit of modernity into this village"
[syn: modernity, modernness, modernism,
contemporaneity, contemporaneousness]
3: practices typical of contemporary life or thought
-
monism
0
n 1: the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic
substance or element [ant: pluralism]
-
obstructionism
0
n 1: deliberate interference
-
opportunism
0
n 1: taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the
consequences for others [syn: opportunism, self-
interest, self-seeking, expedience]
-
organism
0
n 1: a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act
or function independently [syn: organism, being]
2: a system considered analogous in structure or function to a
living body; "the social organism"
-
paganism
0
n 1: any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism
or Islamism [syn: paganism, pagan religion,
heathenism]
-
perfectionism
0
n 1: a disposition to feel that anything less than perfect is
unacceptable; "his perfectionism seemed excessive to his
students"
-
pianism
0
n 1: performance by or technique of a pianist; "a program of
pianism"
-
protectionism
0
n 1: the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order
to protect home industries from overseas competition
-
reductionism
0
n 1: a theory that all complex systems can be completely
understood in terms of their components
2: the analysis of complex things into simpler constituents
-
republicanism
0
n 1: the political orientation of those who hold that a republic
is the best form of government
-
revisionism
0
n 1: any dangerous departure from the teachings of Marx
2: a moderate evolutionary form of Marxism
-
secessionism
0
n 1: a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
-
sectarianism
0
n 1: a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or
denomination; "he condemned religious sectarianism" [syn:
sectarianism, denominationalism]
-
shamanism
0
n 1: any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism
(especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes)
2: an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that
the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is
effected by shamans [syn: shamanism, Asian shamanism]
-
synchronism
0
n 1: the relation that exists when things occur at the same
time; "the drug produces an increased synchrony of the
brain waves" [syn: synchronism, synchrony,
synchronicity, synchroneity, synchronization,
synchronisation, synchronizing] [ant: asynchronism,
asynchrony, desynchronisation, desynchronization,
desynchronizing]
-
totalitarianism
0
n 1: a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or
opposition etc.) [syn: dictatorship, absolutism,
authoritarianism, Caesarism, despotism, monocracy,
one-man rule, shogunate, Stalinism,
totalitarianism, tyranny]
2: the principle of complete and unrestricted power in
government [syn: absolutism, totalitarianism, totalism]
-
unionism
0
n 1: the system or principles and theory of labor unions [syn:
unionism, trade unionism]
-
utilitarianism
0
n 1: doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as
elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was
said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
-
utopianism
0
n 1: the political orientation of a Utopian who believes in
impossibly idealistic schemes of social perfection
-
vegetarianism
0
n 1: a diet excluding all meat and fish
-
volcanism
0
n 1: the phenomena associated with volcanic activity
-
cretinism
0
n 1: severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental
stunting
-
daltonism
0
n 1: dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green
light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and
purplish-red [syn: deuteranopia, Daltonism, green-
blindness]
-
platonism
0
n 1: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract
concepts exist independent of their names [syn:
Platonism, realism]
-
satanism
0
n 1: a belief in and reverence for devils (especially Satan)
[syn: diabolism, demonism, Satanism]
-
actinism
0
n 1: the property of radiation that enables it to produce
photochemical effects
-
alienism
0
n 1: an obsolete term for the study and treatment of mental
illness
2: the quality of being alien [syn: alienage, alienism]
-
byzantinism
0
n 1: the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in
ecclesiastical matters [syn: Erastianism, Byzantinism,
Caesaropapism]
-
calvinism
0
n 1: the theological system of John Calvin and his followers
emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
-
darwinism
0
n 1: a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species
arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
-
germanism
0
n 1: a custom that is peculiar to Germany or its citizens
-
hellenism
0
n 1: the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek
civilization
-
leninism
0
n 1: the political and economic theories of Lenin which provided
the guiding doctrine of the Soviet Union; the modification
of Marxism by Lenin stressed that imperialism is the
highest form of capitalism (which shifts the struggle from
developed to underdeveloped countries) [syn: Leninism,
Marxism-Leninism]
-
melanism
0
n 1: a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin
(especially in the skin) [syn: melanosis, melanism]
-
onanism
0
n 1: manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or
another) for sexual pleasure [syn: masturbation,
onanism]
2: a method of birth control in which coitus is initiated but
the penis is deliberately withdrawn before ejaculation [syn:
coitus interruptus, withdrawal method, withdrawal,
pulling out, onanism]
-
puritanism
0
n 1: the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most
of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of
England of its Catholic aspects)
2: strictness and austerity in conduct and religion
-
romanism
0
n 1: the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in
Rome [syn: Romanism, Roman Catholicism, papism]
-
saturnism
0
n 1: toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive
lead into the system [syn: lead poisoning, plumbism,
saturnism]
-
stalinism
0
n 1: a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or
opposition etc.) [syn: dictatorship, absolutism,
authoritarianism, Caesarism, despotism, monocracy,
one-man rule, shogunate, Stalinism,
totalitarianism, tyranny]
-
zionism
0
n 1: a policy for establishing and developing a national
homeland for Jews in Palestine
2: a movement of world Jewry that arose late in the 19th century
with the aim of creating a Jewish state in Palestine [syn:
Zionism, Zionist movement]
-
anglicanism
0
n 1: the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
-
arianism
0
n 1: heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the
radical primacy of the Father over the Son [ant:
Athanasianism]
-
confucianism
0
n 1: the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity;
high value given to learning and to devotion to family
(including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the
traditional culture of China
-
erastianism
0
n 1: the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in
ecclesiastical matters [syn: Erastianism, Byzantinism,
Caesaropapism]
-
gallicanism
0
n 1: a religious movement originating among the French Roman
Catholic clergy that favored the restriction of papal
control and the achievement by each nation of individual
administrative autonomy of the church
-
jacobinism
0
n 1: the ideology of the most radical element of the French
Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
-
keynesianism
0
n 1: the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated
government monetary and fiscal programs intended to
stimulate business activity and increase employment
-
neoplatonism
0
n 1: a system of philosophical and theological doctrines
composed of elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism and
oriental mysticism; its most distinctive doctrine holds
that the first principle and source of reality transcends
being and thought and is naturally unknowable;
"Neoplatonism was predominant in pagan Europe until the 6th
century"; "Neoplatonism was a major influence on early
Christian writers and on later medieval and Renaissance
thought and on Islamic philosophy"
-
parkinsonism
0
n 1: a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system
characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
[syn: paralysis agitans, Parkinsonism, Parkinson's
disease, Parkinson's syndrome, Parkinson's, shaking
palsy]
-
religionism
0
n 1: exaggerated religious zealotry
2: exaggerated or affected piety and religious zeal [syn:
religiosity, religionism, religiousism, pietism]
-
ruffianism
0
n 1: violent lawless behavior
-
wesleyanism
0
n 1: evangelical principles taught by John Wesley [syn:
Wesleyanism, Wesleyism]
-
americanism
0
n 1: loyalty to the United States and its institutions
2: an expression that is characteristic of English as spoken by
Americans
3: a custom that is peculiar to the United States or its
citizens
-
arminianism
0
n 1: 17th century theology (named after its founder Jacobus
Arminius) that opposes the absolute predestinarianism of
John Calvin and holds that human free will is compatible
with God's sovereignty
-
epicureanism
0
n 1: a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient
Greek philosophers
-
unitarianism
0
n 1: Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of
belief and rejects the Trinity
-
jainism
0
n 1: sect founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against
Hinduism
2: religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against
Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and
transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or
supreme being
-
mormonism
0
n 1: the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on
the Book of Mormon
-
nestorianism
0
n 1: the theological doctrine (named after Nestorius) that
Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is
opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully
God)
-
antiquarianism
0
-
cosmopolitanism
0
-
illusionism
0
-
indeterminism
0